positive or negative reinforcement examples

When used appropriately, the motivating operations concept can help to clarify the conditions under which a stimulus change (in particular, stimulus termination) will function as a negative reinforcer. It is unfortunate that this pseudo-analysis has been widely accepted, which has drawn attention away from actual motivating operations that are relevant to negative reinforcement, and led to conceptually flawed explanations of challenging human behaviors that are escape-maintained. We contend in this article that the emphasis it places on the onset of some stimuli (putative motivating operations) making their offset a reinforcer in the absence of a learning history (i.e., in the case of unconditioned motivating operations), or because of such a history (i.e., in the case of reflexive conditioned motivating operations), is of no value in predicting or controlling behavior. Nevertheless, some aspects of the concept are seriously flawed, thereby limiting its utility. If done correctly, negative reinforcement has immediate and observable effects on the person’s behavior, unlike the rest of the types of operant conditioning.The motivating operations concept has improved the precision of our approach to analyzing behavior it serves as a framework for classifying events that alter the reinforcing and punishing effectiveness of other events. Negative reinforcement is a form of operant conditioning that focuses on the removal of specific stimuli to reinforce specific behavior, which will take some skill to perfect. The effectivity of negative reinforcement can be predicted if one were to take these specific factors into account. Negative reinforcement has an immediate aftereffect, which makes it perfect for short-term operant conditioning and makes it less effective for longer forms of operant conditioning. A couple of these factors can be controlled by the person doing the conditioning. These factors include the quality of the conditioning, the effect of the removed stimuli, the reception of the person or animal being conditioned, and the immediateness of the behavior. Like all the modes of operant conditioning, the effectiveness of negative reinforcement lynches on the quality of factors. The lesser waiting time for the relief will make the negative reinforcement more effective. When you have discerned and noted that the behavior or situation harms the person, then you must apply the conditioned behavior, action, or stimuli to remove the negative effect brought about by the offending behavior or situation. Step 4: Apply the Conditioning Behavior, Action, or Stimuli to Remove the Offending Behavior or Situation

If the behavior or situation positively affects the person, then positive reinforcement is more effective in this situation. Negative reinforcement is only effective when the behavior or situation negatively affects the person.

Step 3: Discern How the Behavior or Situation Affects the PersonĪfter determining the various things at play surrounding the observable behavior, you must now discern how the behavior or situation affects the person. This will help determine whether negative reinforcement is the most effective mode of operant conditioning. Step 2: Determine the Various Stimuli and Factors at PlayĪfter finding the observable behavior, you must then determine the various stimuli and outside factors surrounding the behavior or situation. Begin by finding an observable behavior you want to reinforce. This is because operant conditioning cannot induce a behavior but instead, controls said behavior. Operant conditioning requires behavior that has been that the person has been able to conduct observations. Step 1: Find the Observable Behavior or Situation to Reinforce But one should also keep in mind the various elements and factors that will deter the conditioning, like biases, fallacies, and other forms of thinking. The steps to implement negative reinforcement can be easily done by anyone. This is because the conditioned stimulus or behavior is immediately reinforced, due to the reliance on the quick relief of the negative effects brought about by the behavior or situation. Negative reinforcement is one of the most effective ways to conduct operant conditioning on a person or an animal. How to Use Negative Reinforcement for Conditioning

Positive or negative reinforcement examples